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The Americana usually applied from mount or side control, this figure four armlock occurs when the opponent's arm is pinned to the ground and bent at the elbow, with the opponent's palm upwards. The wrist is grabbed with the opposite hand, and the arm on the same side is put under the opponents arm, gripping the fighter’s own wrist. While the opponent's hand is pinned to the ground, the fighter slides the opponent’s pinned arm down and parallel to his thigh while cranking their elbow upwards. This applies pressure on the elbow and/or shoulder.

A leglock applied to the ankle joints, usually causing hyperextension of the ankle joints and a compression lock to the achilles tendon or calf muscle.

An armlock that hyperextends the elbow joint.

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on grappling and ground fighting with the goals of gaining a dominant position using submissions. Based on the early 20th century Kodokan Judo, based on many schools of Japanese Jujutsu. BJJ (or Gracie Jiu-Jitsu) was created by brothers Helio and Carlos Gracie Sr. and promotes the idea that the use of leverage and proper technique can lead a smaller, weaker fighter to successfully defend against a larger, stronger opponent.

A standup grappling position, resulting from one or more fighters applying a clinch hold (i.e. bear hug, double underhooks, etc.). To advance position from a clinch hold, a fighter must pummel his opponent or break position and attempt to advance by striking or taking down his opponent.

A takedown similar to an American Football or Rugby tackle, a fighter lowers his head and hooks both legs with his arms and applies pressure to the defender's body, which drives the fighter to the ground.

The fighter is on the bottom position on his back with his opponent between his legs at waist level. The bottom fighter must work to control his opponent by holding onto his opponent’s wrists, back of the neck or by bear hugging him in order to prevent him from improving his position. Commonly referred to as a “closed guard.”